Steroid-Induced Diabetes
Steroid-induced diabetes is a type of diabetes that can develop when taking corticosteroids, which are medications used to treat various conditions, such as asthma, arthritis, and some types of cancer. Steroids can cause your blood sugar levels to rise, leading to diabetes, especially if you are already at risk. In Kenya, people with underlying health conditions who require steroid treatments may be more susceptible to developing this type of diabetes.
What Are Steroids?
Steroids, also known as corticosteroids, are artificial versions of hormones produced naturally by the body. They are used to reduce inflammation and treat conditions like:
- Severe asthma
- Cystic fibrosis
- Arthritis
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Certain types of cancer
Steroids are usually taken in high doses either as a pill or an injection, which is more likely to affect blood sugar levels. Anabolic steroids, often used to increase muscle mass, are different from corticosteroids and are not the focus here.
What Causes Steroid-Induced Diabetes?
Steroids increase your blood sugar levels in several ways:
- They stimulate the liver to release more glucose.
- They reduce the body's sensitivity to insulin, the hormone that regulates blood sugar levels.
- They prevent muscle and fat cells from absorbing glucose from the blood.
All these effects can result in too much glucose staying in your bloodstream, leading to diabetes.
Is Steroid-Induced Diabetes Permanent?
For many people, steroid-induced diabetes goes away once they stop taking steroids. However, in some cases, particularly for those who are already at high risk of diabetes, the condition may continue even after stopping the steroids. Some individuals cannot stop taking steroid treatments because of medical conditions requiring lifelong use, which may lead to long-term steroid-induced diabetes.
Symptoms of Steroid-Induced Diabetes
If your blood sugar levels are only slightly elevated, you might not experience any symptoms. However, as blood sugar levels rise, common symptoms of steroid-induced diabetes include:
- Frequent urination, especially at night
- Feeling very thirsty
- Feeling more tired than usual
- Unexplained weight loss
If you are on steroids and notice any of these symptoms, inform your doctor or healthcare provider in Kenya as soon as possible.
Risk Factors for Steroid-Induced Diabetes
Certain factors increase the likelihood of developing steroid-induced diabetes, including:
Being over 40 (for people of white descent) or over 25 (for people of African-Caribbean, Black African, or South Asian descent)
Having a close family member with type 2 diabetes
Belonging to African-Caribbean, Black African, or South Asian ethnic groups
Having high blood pressure
Living with obesity
In Kenya, people who are in these higher-risk categories should be especially vigilant if they are prescribed steroids.
Treatment for Steroid-Induced Diabetes
Treatment for steroid-induced diabetes depends on individual circumstances. If you are taking steroids for a short period, your blood sugar levels may return to normal after stopping the medication. However, if treatment is needed, options include:
Insulin injections
To help regulate blood sugar levels.
Medication
Such as oral drugs to lower blood sugar levels.
Lifestyle changes
Including eating a balanced diet and increasing physical activity.
Your healthcare team will work with you to find the best treatment plan.
Support and Care for Steroid-Induced Diabetes
Dealing with steroid-induced diabetes can be challenging, especially if you’re managing another health condition. In Kenya, healthcare professionals are available to provide support and advice on how to manage your diabetes and live well. Don’t hesitate to reach out to your doctor or a diabetes care team for guidance.